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Dust
mite allergy is a response to a microscopic organism that lives
in the dust that is found in all dwellings and workplaces. Dust
mite allergens, perhaps the most common cause of perennial allergic
rhinitis, usually produce symptoms similar to pollen allergy and
can also trigger asthma.
Mites are a member of the arachnid family, which includes spiders,
chiggers, and ticks. Dust mites are 8-legged spider-like creatures
that are about 1/3 of a millimeter in length. There are two species
belonging to the genus Dermatophagoides, which are commonly found
in North America. Both species feed on human skin, pollen, fungi,
bacteria, and animal dander. The food consumption and development
of the mites increases with higher relative humidities (70 to 80%)
and common indoor temperatures (75 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit).
Dust mites and their droppings are known allergens. It is a protein
in the mites and their feces to which people develop an allergic
response. When these droppings come in contact with the skin or
are inhaled they may cause allergy, asthma, and/or eczema symptoms.
A gram of house dust may contain 100 to 500 mites, and each mite
produces 10 to 20 waste particles a day. This waste is extremely
tiny and light, and thus is easily aerosolized.
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Although
virtually no environments are free of dust mites there are steps
that can be taken to reduce their numbers including:
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Encase mattresses, box springs, and pillows in non-allergenic,
plastic zippered encasings.
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Avoid down and feather bedding materials and wash bedding frequently
in hot water (over 159 degrees Fahrenheit).
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Avoid upholstered furniture when possible.
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Avoid carpeting when possible or use a low pile carpet. Wash scatter
rugs frequently.
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Dust and vacuum twice a week using a vacuum with HEPA filtration
or a central vacuum that vents particles to the outside of the
house.
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Keep humidity below 50%, ideally between 30-40%.
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Frequently change HVAC filters and, if possible, use a HEPA air
cleaner.
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Discourage pets from bedrooms
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